MachinistCharts

5/16" bolt torque

Tighten a 5/16-18 UNC grade 5 bolt to 17 ft-lb (24 N·m) with dry threads, or 13 ft-lb when lubricated. Grade 8 takes 25 ft-lb and grade 2 takes 11 ft-lb.

Calculated from SAE J429 and ASME B1.1. Updated .

Grade 5, UNC, dry threads
17ft-lb
24 N·m  or  209 in-lb
Grade
Thread
Threads
Unit
Torque dialBands mark each grade at dry torque

5/16" torque by thread and grade

Tap a row to show it on the dial. The unit switch above changes every value on this page.

5/16 inch bolt torque by thread series and SAE grade
Thread and gradeDry torqueLubricatedClamp loadProof load

Clamp load is 75 % of proof load. Dry: K = 0.20. Lubricated: K = 0.15.

5/16" at a glance

Wrench, drill and thread data for the same bolt.

Ø5/16"S 1/2"18 TPI
5/16-18 UNC hex cap screwProportions to scale
Threads
5/16-18 UNC
5/16-24 UNF
Stress area As
0.0524 in² UNC
0.0581 in² UNF
Wrench / socket
1/2"
Major diameter
0.3125" 7.94 mm
Tap drill, UNC
F 0.2570"
Tap drill, UNF
I 0.2720"
Head markings
Grade 2 plain   Grade 5 three radial lines   Grade 8 six radial lines

Before you tighten

Lubricant changes the number

Oil, moly paste or anti-seize lowers the nut factor K, so the same torque produces far more clamp load. Use the lubricated value whenever the threads are oiled, or the bolt can yield.

Tighten in a star pattern

On flanges and covers, bring every bolt to about 30 %, then 70 %, then full torque, crossing the pattern each pass. Finish with one round at full torque in sequence.

Give the thread enough grip

Engage at least one diameter of thread in steel, about 1.5 diameters in cast iron and 2 diameters in aluminium, or the internal thread strips before the bolt reaches its clamp load.

These are general starting values for steel bolts in steel nuts or tapped steel. When the equipment, gasket or fastener maker publishes a torque, use theirs. Never reuse torque-to-yield bolts.

How the number is worked out

The 5/16-18 grade 5 figure, step by step.

T = K × F × d
K
0.20, nut factor for dry plain steel
F
3,342 lbf, 75 % of the 4,457 lbf proof load
d
0.3125 in, nominal diameter
T = 0.20 × 3,342 × 0.3125 = 209 in-lb = 17 ft-lb

Where the inputs come from

Proof strength is taken from SAE J429: 55,000 psi for grade 2 at this size, 85,000 psi for grade 5 and 120,000 psi for grade 8. Multiply by the tensile stress area to get the proof load.

The stress area comes from ASME B1.1: As = 0.7854 × (D − 0.9743 / n)². Target clamp load is 75 % of proof load.

Lubricated values use K = 0.15. For other coatings or preload targets, use the torque calculator.

Other inch sizes

Common questions

What is the torque for a 5/16 grade 5 bolt?

About 17 ft-lb dry for 5/16-18 UNC and 19 ft-lb for 5/16-24 UNF, based on 75 % of proof load.

What is the torque for a 5/16 grade 8 bolt?

About 25 ft-lb dry for 5/16-18 UNC and 27 ft-lb for 5/16-24 UNF.

What is the torque for a 5/16 grade 2 bolt?

About 11 ft-lb dry for 5/16-18 UNC.

What size wrench fits a 5/16 bolt?

A standard 5/16" hex cap screw takes a 1/2" wrench or socket.

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